Tips for parents of young entrepreneurs

1. From what age can you start a business?

There is no minimum age limit. Anybody can start a business. However, the Dutch Civil Code states that minors are only allowed to perform legal actions with the permission of their legal representatives. This means that any action performed by a minor is only legal if the parent or guardian has given permission.

2. How to get permission for actions

There are many day-to-day situations that are suitable for minors. In these situations the minor does not need permission for an action, because the action is age-appropriate. For example, buying a sandwich at school or buying clothes. But it is a different story if a minor wants to take out a mobile subscription or borrow money from a bank. The law aims to protect minors against impulsive actions. That is why you, being the parent or guardian, can reverse these actions (in Dutch).

3. What is limited legal capacity (handlichting)?

A minor who has reached the age of 16 or 17 can ask the court to be granted limited legal capacity (handlichting). By granting limited legal capacity, a judge declares a minor a person of age. This means that the law will treat the minor as an 18-year-old adult. This applies only to actions necessary for the business, not to the minor’s private life. If your child does not have limited legal capacity, they must ask you for permission in all legal actions they perform.

Your child can apply for limited legal capacity with your permission at the District Court (in Dutch) that is nearest to where you live.

4. How to deal with compulsory education

It is up to the parents and their children to make arrangements with the school. An increasing number of schools are quite flexible in their programme for entrepreneurial children. They offer services such as specific arrangements for exams, the possibility of catching up on missed schoolwork, or exemptions. The school board will look at your child’s behaviour, their test results, and their commitment to the arrangements you agreed on.

5. What is the parents’ responsibility?

You, meaning the parent or guardian, are responsible for the actions of your minor. Is your child running up a debt? Then you are the one who is financially responsible. You can cover this risk by taking out business insurance, for instance. We have listed the 10 most important insurance policies.

The moment your child is granted limited legal capacity, you are no longer responsible for their business dealings. Other than that, your duties as a parent for your child's private life remain the same when they have limited legal capacity.

Please note: Online fraudsters target young entrepreneurs as well. Discuss online scams with your child and take the necessary precautions, where possible.

6. How to register with KVK

If a minor wants to register with KVK, they need limited legal capacity. If your child does not have limited legal capacity, we will ask you to accompany them to the KVK appointment. After registering, KVK will pass on your details to the Belastingdienst (Netherlands Tax Administration). The Tax Administration will then send your VAT identification number and turnover tax number by post within 14 days.

It is not always necessary to register with KVK. Find out what the criteria are for determining if your child has a business. If you are not sure, call the KVK Advice Team. 

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7. Does my child have to pay taxes?

Minors who make a profit have a source of income. The Netherlands Tax Administration will probably consider them an entrepreneur for income tax purposes. This means that your child must pay taxes over the profit of their business. They must file their own income tax return. Your child will also receive a tax assessment for the income-dependent contribution for healthcare insurance as stated in the Netherlands Healthcare Insurance Act (zorgverzekeringswet, zvw).

Your child’s tax return will also affect your tax return. You will be taxed through Box 3 (taxable income from savings and investments) for your child’s allowance.

Do remember that for most products and services turnover tax (btw) is required. There are various tax schemes that can help you pay fewer taxes. These schemes are subject to conditions.

8. Consequences for child benefits, student grants and loans, and housing benefit

What your child earns with their own business does not have any consequences for the child benefit you receive. Nor does it affect their student grants and loans. Previously there was an earning limit for senior secondary vocational education (MBO) students but that has now been abolished.

Housing benefit

For children living at home, the first €5,970 of their income (in Dutch) does not count towards the parents' housing benefit. This exemption applies up to and including the year the child turns 23. However, you must report your child's income to the Netherlands Tax Administration.

9. Consequences for your welfare benefit and child budget

If your child is under the age of 18, there is no limit to their additional earnings from their business. Their earnings will not be deducted from your welfare benefit. However, your benefit may change. Contact your municipality for information about what impacts the amount of your welfare benefit.

What your child earns does not count towards the child budget (kindgebonden budget). However, the assets of children under 18 living at home do count. Check the conditions of the child budget (in Dutch). 

10. What legal structure should you choose?

Is your child planning to officially register their business with KVK? If so, then first they need to choose a legal structure for their business. Most young people start a sole proprietorship (eenmanszaak) or a general partnership (vennootschap onder firma, vof). These legal structures have the advantage that they are quick and easy to set up. Your child does not have to go to the notary to make it official either. The drawback is that your child will be personally liable for the debts of the business.

11. How to open a business account

It can be difficult for a minor to open a business account with a bank. Find out  which banks might allow your child to open a business account and what the conditions are.